Deal Journal has been collecting various examples of Wall Street witticisms and holiday verse, so we give a tip of the hat to Cindy Shaw, a global investment strategist with based in San Francisco. Her well-metered take on Clement Clarke Moore’s “Night Before Christmas” is a reminder of what there is to be grateful for this year. Deal Journal reprints Ms. Shaw’s version to pay forward a little of her holiday spirit.
‘Twas the months before Christmas, when all through the land,
A financial crisis got way out of hand;
Bernanke and Paulson to the rescue did sail,
And yet nonetheless, Lehman Brothers did fail.
The fed-funds rate was quite aggressively cut,
Yet consumers’ pocketbooks still were snapped shut;
As Congress approved hundreds of billions for TARP,
The taxpayers did most vociferously carp;
Financial firm bail-outs happened throughout the land,
Auto CEOs, too, asked for a big helping hand;
But flying to D.C. in their corporate jets,
Was a gaffe with Congress, which soon caused regrets.
Helicopter Ben tried quantitative easing,
Yet credit markets remained quite close to freezing;
When, who to our wondering eyes should appear,
But Senator Obama, dispelling some fear,
On infrastructure and more, he said he would spend,
So the battered economy could start to mend.
The new president-elect swiftly took aim,
And Cabinet and staffers he began to name;
“Now, Summers! now, Geithner! now, Holder and Bob Gates!
On, Hillary Clinton, for Secretary of State!”
Though Obama’s announcements could make markets rally,
During George W.’s White House finale;
Fear and deleveraging caused investors to sell,
Prices of stocks and other risky assets fell;
And flights to safety made Treasury prices soar,
Sending T-bill and -bond yields down through the floor.
As is common in the bursting of bubbles,
What was hottest had the biggest troubles;
Politicians called for more stringent regulations,
And the FBI launched fraud investigations.
Helping out now are the prices of gas and food,
Which recently had consumers coming unglued;
Though as of late a respite in inflation,
Provides to consumers a bit of salvation;
Yet with the economy on a slippery slope,
We worry about the future, and how we’ll cope;
After more than a year of gloom, doom and fear,
It can be hard to feel any holiday cheer;
Stock prices ‘round the world went down by nigh half,
Leaving many frightened and unable to laugh;
And while your 401k may be in tatters,
For happiness, money is not what most matters;
For retailers, yes, this holiday will be tough,
But the holiday spirit is not about “stuff”;
Enjoying the company of loved ones and friends,
Is worth far more than a new Mercedes Benz.
Remember billions are hungry or at war,
To understand you’re the opposite of poor;
Try giving money or time to charity,
To gain perspective and priceless clarity;
In spite of this economy, which truly is dour,
Feeling holiday joy is within your power;
So then let us exclaim, “In this season delight,
Happy Holidays to all, and to all a good night.”
Whatever the new administration does, we’re in for months, perhaps even a year, of economic hell. After that, things should get better, as President Obama’s stimulus plan — O.K., I’m told that the politically correct term is now “economic recovery plan” — begins to gain traction. Late next year the economy should begin to stabilize, and I’m fairly optimistic about 2010.
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無論歐巴馬團隊有何作為，我們還得在經濟深淵困上好幾個月，甚至一年。在此之後，由於歐巴馬的振興經濟方案（政治正確的說法是經濟復甦計畫）開始發揮作用，局面應該逐漸好轉。至明年底，經濟應該開始穩定，我對2010年相當樂觀。 |
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英研究：男性智商高 精子品質也較佳 【12/6 22:35】
British antiquarian whose expeditions and self-taught archaeological methods led to the investigation of sites in the Near East. Born in London and trained as a lawyer, Layard and a friend, Edward Mitford, set out to ride from England to Ceylon in 1839. During this journey Layard became fascinated by archaeology and became an unpaid diplomatic attaché in Constantinople so that he could continue and expand his interests. Between 1845 and 1847 he excavated at Nimrud, Iraq (thinking it was Nineveh), and while his methods were brutal compared with modern standards they were typical of the day and resulted in the discovery of a lot of structural evidence as well as artefacts. His book, Nineveh and its remains, published in 1849 sold well and allowed him to make good contacts. He resumed excavations the same year, and upon his return to England in 1851 prepared a second volume, Discoveries and ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, which appeared in 1853. It included a provisional chronology for the Assyrian kings and a description of their state. Layard subsequently became a politician and then British ambassador in Madrid and later Constantinople.
gird (up) (one's) loins
2001年創辦、每年在9月中旬舉辦的倫敦建築日「Open House（打開房子）」，最能代表這種開放精神。「Open House」每年選出數百棟擁有好設計的倫敦建築，央請業主打開大門，讓市民和遊客一窺堂奧。這趟免費的建築之旅還會請來設計者親自導覽，讓建築師和市民 對話交流。
「Open House」由民間組織Open House籌辦，他們的宣言是「打開大門、眼睛以及心靈，便會看到好的設計」。Open House不只打開倫敦人的心靈，也成為倫敦最具特色的建築嘉年華，吸引大批外地遊客；熱門建築如市政廳，排隊人龍可以圍成好幾圈。
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open house （くだけた）自宅開放パーティー形式; 参観自由.
「…最後我用拙作『泰姆山』中，主角魂歸台灣大地的感觸來代您向你所愛的同胞致意：肩窩的血泉水般洶湧而出。那燙熱的流淌，他知道那景象。他還知道那熱熱鮮血，如何成串灑落草地上，然後迅速沒入泥土，融入大地。
他把相思樹種子灑在身子周圍。
當雨水來的時候，有些種子會發芽。
當天地來臨的時候，這裡是一片相思樹苗了。
當我的呼吸停止，就是我回到大地的時候；我的軀體與大地合為一體，我將隨著春天的樹苗，重返台灣。」（李喬撰『同年』，安息吧！（1999/10/16），載於《一個新台灣人的死與生—廖中山教授紀念集》，2000，頁74。）
…He sat up. His armpit to his chest was covered with fresh blood….
Then with his left hand he grabbed the gray burlap bag of acacia seeds, and, untying it with his teeth, scattered the seeds one handful after another all around, and two handful by the corpse. A dozen of them landed on his face and chest.
When the rain comes, some seeds will sprout.
When spring comes, there will be a grove of acacia here.
When my breathing stops, I’ll return to the Earth. My body and the Earth will become one, and I’ll return to the human realm again with the spring saplings….
Journey to the Taimu Mountain by Lee Chiao, translated by Bert Scruggs, in Taiwan Literature English Translation Series, Number 23, July, 2008, p.107
（《台灣文學 英譯叢刊 23號》，2008年七月，頁67-108）
{城市文化讀本}翻譯 Walter Benjamin 的 The Arcades Projects（我採用哈佛大學出版社的英文本，p.884）之選文縮編。
現在我們不談它的翻譯，只是要指出：將希臘神話中的一系列人名變成漢字，就是翻譯嗎？【英文翻譯本對the Dioscuri.有古今所指之簡注 】
…And when that sky opened to the eyes of this young insight, there in the foreground were standing not the divinities of Olynpus—not Zeus, Hephaestus, Hermes, or Hera, Artemis, and Athena—But the Dioscuri.
As the 2008 Olympic Games approached, the Beijing government embarked on a gargantuan task: to provide approved translations of all the names of dishes English-speaking visitors were likely to encounter on restaurant menus. They were keen, the official Chinese news agency said, to avoid “bizarre English translations” such as “chicken without sexual life” (used to describe a young chicken) and “husband and wife's lung slice” (a Sichuanese street snack). The agency added, with an unusual burst of humour, that “the images they conjured up were not, one could say, appetising”.
Terrible mistakes on Chinese restaurant menus provoke the mirth of foreigners all over the world. Who could forget being offered “burnt lion's head” for dinner? A quick internet search brings up reports of such delicacies as “benumbed hot Huang fries belly silk” and “the fragrance explodes the cowboy bone”. My own personal favourite is actually from the chic pink-and-white packaging of a biscuit whose name was translated as “iron flooring cremation” (a one-by-one literal translation of the characters tie ban shao, which should have read “baked on an iron griddle”).
Yet one can understand the desire of the Chinese leadership to avoid such embarrassing errors, particularly in a year when they are determined to show their best face to the world. The authorities have already urged Beijingers to queue up nicely and avoid spitting. Tourist restaurants have been advised to stop serving dog meat during the Games, and there's even been a directive offering sartorial advice that includes not going out dressed in pyjamas. In such a clean, orderly Olympic city, what place is there for “steamed crap”?
Jokes aside, there is a practical need for decent translation of Chinese restaurant menus. It's not just that foreigners might like help in deciding what individual dishes to choose; the success of a shared Chinese meal depends upon careful ordering.
A dinner in which more than one dish is sweet-and-sour or everything is soupy is a gastronomic disaster. A good meal, by contrast, pleasures the palate with a whole variety of experiences. Even in a top-class restaurant, unless you understand a little of the nature of the dishes on offer – their colours, flavours and cooking methods, their moistness or dryness, their shapes and textures – you won't be able to devise a stimulating and harmonious menu.
Drawing up accurate translations for even a fraction of Chinese dishes would be a daunting endeavour (Sichuan province alone lays claim to 5,000 different dishes). And the language of Chinese cuisine presents particular challenges. Chinese chefs use a vast vocabulary of terms to describe their cooking methods, many of which are untranslatable. Take, for example, liu, which means to pre-cook pieces of food in oil or water and then marry them with a sauce that has been prepared separately: how to describe this succinctly in English? Even a method like stir-frying has many variations, such as basic stir-frying (chao), fast stir-frying over a high flame (bao), and stir-frying in a dry wok (gan bian). When I trained as a chef in Sichuan province, I had to learn a canon of 56 different cooking methods, and that was just the beginning of my apprenticeship in Chinese cuisine. Translating such a richness of culinary technique into menu shorthand is no easy matter.
Moreover, many types of food have no English-language equivalent. Think of “dumpling”, a blanket term used for all kinds of Chinese snacks, from jiao zi (boiled semi-circular dumplings), to shao mai (steamed dumplings shaped like money bags) and bao (steamed dumplings with twirly tops). And how to translate fen, which can mean powder, meal, noodles, or strips of starch jelly? When taking notes in Chinese kitchens, I find myself jotting in Chinese characters simply because there is no other way of recording precisely what I see, smell and taste.
Yet you can only go so far in borrowing from Chinese because, beyond a certain level, you have to know the actual Chinese characters to understand precisely what you are talking about. In Sichuanese cuisine, for example, there are two cooking methods that would both be transliterated as kao, but you can't tell them apart unless you see the actual characters. The different characters for “salty” and “umami” are both rendered in the Roman alphabet as “xian”.
There are also issues of taste and cultural judgement. The most famous Sichuanese beancurd dish is mapo doufu, which literally translates as “pockmarked old woman's beancurd.” Meant affectionately, it sounds at first rather abusive in English. Similarly, there's a chain of hotpot restaurants in Sichuan called Cripple's Hotpot (pazi huoguo), and a snack shop called Hairy Mole Dragon-Eye Nuns (zhi huzi longyan baozi) – named after their original proprietors, one of whom was disabled and the other who had at least one hairy mole on his face. And if you fancy a stir-fried chicken supper, do you really want to know that the menu also offers “animal reproductive organs in pot”?The final result of the Beijing government's endeavours is a 170-page book entitled Chinese Menu in English Version. Its suggested translations for more than 2,000 dishes represent a solid achievement, and a great leap forward for linguistically challenged Chinese restaurateurs. The two dozen translators have stuck to their guns in holding on to several useful Chinese terms, like jiaozi for boiled dumplings, tangyuan for glutinous riceballs, and shaomai for those money-bag steamed dumplings. They have avoided some notorious foodstuffs (such as dog), but no one could accuse them of sanitising their menu, because they have included challenging dishes such as steamed pig's brains and sautéed chicken gizzards.
Yet the list is a pale reflection of one of the world's most marvellous cuisines. Lyrical descriptive terms – like feicui (jadeite) for greenish foods, and guaiwei (strange-flavour, used for an intriguing combination of tastes) have been lost in the translation, and mapo doufu has severed its connection with the lovable pockmarked old dame of Chengdu. As Raymond Zhou wrote in the China Daily, this standardised translation is “a double-edged sword. It removes the ambiguity and unintended humour ... But it takes away the fun and the rich connotation too. It turns a menu into the equivalent of plain rice, which has the necessary nutrients but is devoid of flavour”.
GLOSSARY: Tree-climbing ants to spicy minced pork
Chinese ‘pinyin' Official translation Literal translation
Mapo doufu Mapo Tofu (stir-fried tofu in hot sauce) Pock-marked old woman's beancurd
Ban shuang er Tossed black and white fungus Two ears tossed together
Fuqi feipian Beef and Ox Tripe in Chili Sauce ‘Man-and-wife' lung slices
Zui ji Liquor-soaked chicken Drunken chicken
Guaiwei zhushou Braised spicy pig feet Strange-flavour pig feet
Hongshao shizitou Stewed pork ball in brown sauce Red-braised lion's heads
Yuxiang rousi Yu-Hsiang shredded pork Fish-fragrant pork slivers
Mayi shang shu Sauteed vermicelli with spicy minced pork Ants climbing a tree
Kou shui ji Steamed chicken with chili sauce Mouth-watering chicken
Feicui xiaren Sauteed shrimps with broccoli Jadeite shrimps
Xiangcun dafengshou Raw vegetables combination A bumper harvest, village-style
Fuchsia Dunlop's most recent book is ‘Shark's Fin and Sichuan Pepper: A Sweet-Sour Memoir of Eating in China' (WW Norton)
为迎接2008奥运会，北京市政府开展了一项规模浩大的工作：针对讲英语游客可能在餐厅菜单上看到的所有菜名，提供规范的译法。中国官方通讯社称， 政府急欲消除诸如“没有性生活的鸡”（chicken without sexual life，指童子鸡）、“丈夫和妻子的肺切片”（husband and wife's lung slice，即四川小吃“夫妻肺片”）之类的“稀奇古怪的英文译法”。该通讯社称，那种奇异的幽默感，“它们所唤起的想象，可以说，并不能引起人的食欲” 。
中餐馆菜单上吓人的错误，让来自世界各地的外国人觉得好笑。谁会忘记吃过“火烤狮子的头”（burnt lion's head，即红烧狮子头）这道菜？在网上快速搜索一下，可以看到有关“麻辣Huang炸腹部丝绸”(benumbed hot Huang fries belly silk，实为“麻辣韭黄炒肚丝”)和“香味使牛仔的骨头爆炸”(fragrance explodes the cowboy bone)等佳肴的报道。我个人最爱吃的是“铁板烧”，它被直译成iron flooring cremation（正确的译法应该是baked on an iron griddle）。
中国领导层想要消除这些令人尴尬的错误是可以理解的，尤其是在他们决心将最好的一面展现给世界的这一年。当局已敦促北京市民要有序排队，不要说脏 话。旅游餐厅被建议在奥运期间停止供应狗肉。有关部门甚至出台了一道有关着装建议的指示，其中包括不要穿着睡衣上街。在这样一个干净、整齐的奥运城市，哪 能让burnt lion's head继续存在？
说真的，中餐馆菜单确实需要翻译得像样一些。不光是因为老外可能也想在点菜的时候出出主意，而且，一顿饭吃得好不好，很大程度取决于菜点得是否合 适。如果一顿饭点了不止一道酸甜口味的菜，或者样样都是汤，那不啻于一场美食灾难。相反，一顿美餐，会让味觉得到各种各样的丰富体验。即使是在高档餐厅， 除非你对所点的菜品略知一二，包括颜色、味道和烹饪方法，是否带汤，形状和特征等，否则你无法点出一桌既刺激而又相互协调的菜肴。
即使是拟定一小部分中国菜的译名就已经够吓人的了（仅四川菜据说就有5000多道），而中餐烹饪方法的用语又是一个挑战。中国厨师使用大量的术语来 描述他们的烹饪方法，其中许多是没法翻译的。譬如，熘，意思是将材料切块后，在油或水里煮一下，然后浇上另外备好的酱。用英文如何简练地描述这道程序？一 种烹饪方法还包含着多种变化，如炒，基本的炒法叫做“烧”，高温快炒叫做“爆”，在干锅里炒叫做“干煸”。我作为一名厨师在四川培训时，必须掌握56种地 道的烹饪方法，而这只是我中餐学徒生涯的开始。将如此丰富的烹饪技巧翻译到简短的菜单上不是易事。
此外，许多种食物没有对应的英文。如“dumpling”，这个词笼统地用于概括从“饺子”、“烧卖”到“包子”等多种中国小吃。还有，如何翻译 “粉”？它可以指粉末、粗粉、面条或者淀粉做的粉条。在中国厨房记笔记时，我发现我只能用中文草草地记录，因为没有其他方法能够准确地记下我所看到、闻到 和尝到的一切。
那么，或许我们应该效仿法国菜的情况，全盘借用中文词语。不管是在吃还是做法国菜时，英语国家的人能够自如地使用像嫩煎(sauté)、蛋黄奶油酸 辣酱(hollandaise)和蛋黄酱(mayonnaise)等词。就连最基本的烹调用语，如厨师、菜单和焙盘，也是直接取自于法语。我们不能也同样 借用中文吗？在某种程度上，我们已经在这么做了。“锅”(wok)、“馄饨”(wonton)、“点心”(dim sum)和“茶”(tea)等词就源自于福建方言。一些外来的中文概念也跨越了语言的界限，如“小吃”(small eats)和“口感”(mouth-feel)，均由中文直译而来。
此外还有味道和文化底蕴的问题。四川最有名的豆腐菜是“麻婆豆腐”，它被直译为“满脸麻子的老太婆的豆腐”(pockmarked old woman's beancurd)。意思虽然亲切，但英文名初听之下像在骂人。同样，四川有一家“耙子火锅”(Cripple's Hotpot)连锁店，还有一家“痣胡子龙眼包子”(Hairy Mole Dragon-Eye Nuns)小吃店，都是以最早的经营者命名，他们其中一位是身有残疾，另一位脸上长了至少一颗带毛的痣。此外，如果你想吃烧鸡肉，你是否真的想知道菜单上 还有一道“罐闷动物生殖器官”(animal reproductive organs in pot)？有时候语言上模糊一点或许是件好事。
最后，你如何传达出许多中餐菜名中蕴含的智慧与诗意？以“担担面”为例，这是个很美的拟声词，很容易让人联想到小贩挑着篮子、沿街叫卖的情景。将它 译成shoulderpole noodles就失去了音律美；译成Dan dan noodles听起来不错，但缺乏深意。就连译法被官方通讯社点名批评的那道“夫妻肺片”，背后也有一个传说，讲的是上世纪30年代成都有一对在街上卖小 吃的夫妇，两人的婚姻非常美满，他们做的这道“辛辣味的牛内脏”很得当地人的喜爱。
北京政府努力的结果，是推出一本170页的书——《中文菜单英文译法》(Chinese Menu in English Version)。书中罗列了2000多道菜的建议译名，是一项可观的成就，对苦于英文译名的中餐馆来说更是一大飞跃。参与此项工作的二十多位翻译竭力保 留了许多有用的中文词语，如将“饺子”、“汤圆”和“烧卖”分别音译成jiaozi、tangyuan和shaomai。对于一些名声不佳的菜品（如狗 肉）则避而不用，但没有人能够指责他们作了“净化处理”，因为他们也收集了包括“蒸猪脑”和“烧鸡胗”等具有挑战性的菜肴。
然而，这份菜单不过是苍白地描绘了全世界最非凡的菜系之一。一些抒情的词语，如用于形容菜肴绿意盎然的“翡翠”，用于形容诸味齐全的“怪味”，在翻 译中都被丢失了。“麻婆豆腐”的译名也没有反映出与成都那位可亲的老妇人的关系。正如周黎明在《中国日报》所写的，这种统一译法是“一把‘双刃剑'，因为 在将那些滑稽可笑的错误译法剔除的同时，许多菜名的文化内涵也在翻译的过程中消失了。有些翻译过来的菜名就象是一碗白米饭——能够提供所需的营养，但是寡 淡无味。”
部分菜名的规范译法
菜名 官方译法 旧译及相应的中文意思
麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu (stir-fried tofu in hot sauce) Pock-marked old woman's beancurd
满脸麻子的老太婆的豆腐
拌双耳 Tossed black and white fungus Two ears tossed together
两只耳朵搅拌在一起
丈妻肺片 Beef and Ox Tripe in Chili Sauce ‘Man-and-wife' lung slices
丈夫和妻子的肺切片
醉鸡 Liquor-soaked chicken Drunken chicken
喝醉的鸡
怪味猪手 Braised spicy pig feet Strange-flavour pig feet
味道奇怪的猪脚
红烧狮子头 Stewed pork ball in brown sauce Red-braised lion's heads
烧红了的狮子头
鱼香肉丝 Yu-Hsiang shredded pork Fish-fragrant pork slivers
鱼香味的猪肉丝
蚂蚁上树 Sauteed vermicelli with spicy minced pork Ants climbing a tree
蚂蚁们在爬树
口水鸡 Steamed chicken with chili sauce Mouth-watering chicken
翡翠虾仁 Sauteed shrimps with broccoli Jadeite shrimps
翡翠虾
乡村大丰收 Raw vegetables combination A bumper harvest, village-style
丰收，乡村口味
邓洛普最新出版有《鱼翅与川椒：吃在中国之糖醋纪事》(Shark's Fin and Sichuan Pepper: A Sweet-Sour Memoir of Eating in China)与书
译者/岱嵩
ch: 稱呼方面東西方習慣很不相同，林以亮曾以紅樓夢英譯作討論，
校長以William與Bill的稱呼為例，
1.把William與Bill逕譯為威廉與比爾，不加說明。
2.把William與Bill逕譯為威廉與比爾，
3.以中文習慣，把Bill改譯為小威、威威、老威之類。
我個人傾向第3法，因為中文讀者一看就懂，不必說明。
回家一查Elizabeth一名，竟有19種變化之多。
*2008-08-13：首名赤柬前高層遭到正式起訴
被暱稱為杜赫（Duch）的康克由（Kaing Guek Eav）在8/8被正式起訴，成為赤柬前高層領導人中，戴明在1950年對日本高階管理者的演講
Deming's 1950 Lecture to Japanese Management
NOTE: What follows is an "informal" translation of the Japanese transcript commissioned by John Dowd. It has been checked by several translators and is the only known English translation of Dr. Deming's 1950 lecture.
注：以下是由約翰 道得先生委託翻譯日文演講稿謄本的“非正式”版本，經多位翻譯者之校對。它是已知的戴明在1950年對日本高階管理者的演講稿之唯一英語翻譯。
讀書雜記2006
挫折：
重讀自己翻譯的Out of the Crisis by W. Edwards Deming (1986)
Appendix: Transformation in
章首兩引自『酒神』之言，中文版並沒有分別說明是誰對誰說的。
希臘人名之英文化也多不同：
THE BACCHAE OF EURIPIDES
TE DIONYSUS, THE GOD; _son of Zeus and of the Theban princess Semelê_.
CADMUS, _formerly King of Thebes, father of Semelê_.
TEIRESIAS, _an aged Theban prophet_.
參考羅念生翻譯的『酒神的伴侶』
----
2007年起，有一齣精彩戲劇---根據 Ian Ruffell 的直譯本之The Bacchae 在英美兩國上演，參考許多相關戲評和訪問記：
Hitting your ear - Andrew Burnet talks to translator Ian Ruffell
I came across some lines that resonated very strongly with me. In the chorus, the Bacchae sing a hymn to the good things that come of accepting Dionysus and warn of what happens to those who don't. In the middle of this song, they sing: "To sophon d'ou sophia." It's a piece of Euripidean wordplay that Ian Ruffell, in the literal translation I adapted for the National Theatre of Scotland production, rendered as: "Wisdom is not cleverness."
「土星背對著激進的火星」【鏡中自畫像 p.248】
William Butler Yeats –(1865-1935).日記的1910年12月16日注中附原文： Mars in opposition to Saturn radical.
譯者似乎不知道作者深精星象學，甚至於認為 A Vision 是他畢生最重要的著作；也沒查規模大點的辭典，譬如說 Shorter O.E.D.等等。
汪曾祺 尾巴（極短篇小說，1983年 汪曾祺全集二 pp.67-8 ）
寫一「人事顧問」對某廠爭議：是否升遷某被評為「哼！知識份子！哼！知識份子！」者為總工程師，所說的故事。
當然，故事的原典更精練：
原典：
艾子浮於海，夜泊島峙。中夜，聞水下有人哭聲，復若人言，遂聽之。
其言曰：「昨日龍王有令，一應水族有尾者斬。吾鼉也，故懼誅而哭。汝蝦蟆無尾，何哭？」
復聞有人言曰：「吾今幸無尾，但恐更理會蝌蚪時事也。」(艾子雜說*)
不過，翻譯只是小說之工具。
*艾子雜說一卷 拼音題名：Aizi za shuo 所屬叢書：五朝小説 撰著者：(宋)蘇軾撰 出版/刻印：毛氏汲古閣 出版年：明末 出版年(公元)：1628-1639
這是我昨天向張華先生請教的。沒/未討論：
hc：「今天傍晚散步時，又想起趙先生將 sunny evening 翻譯成"晚霞" --憑記憶。
我當時甚奇。究竟，經英倫的近晚的種種天色，那一最好？
我過去談翻譯過份重視"字"。其實，『走到鏡子裡』之"跋"之翻譯，整體而言，相當有詩意呢！
我又想每天注音輸入，不知受其恩惠多少--寫到惠，我最近才發現：六組究竟是"惠能"或"慧能"， 竟然"見仁見智"！」
張華先生：「HC記憶有誤，趙譯原文是
那年晚霞早已散
Long has paled that sunny sky:
照我所知，Lewis Carroll的故事場景都是經過剪裁，故事背景的金黃色的午後(golden afternoon)，經考證當天是陰天。」
我查一下：
"All in the golden afternoon..." (the prefatory verse, an original poem by Carroll that recalls the rowing expedition on which he first told the story of
| 9他說：「你去對這民族說：你們聽是聽，但不明白；看是看，卻不理解。 | 9And he said: Go, and thou shalt say to this people: Hearing, hear, and understand not: and see the vision, and know it not. |
| 10你要使這民族的心遲鈍，使他們的耳朵沉重，使他們的眼睛迷矇，免得他們眼睛看見，耳朵聽見，心裡覺悟而悔改，獲得痊愈。」 | 10Blind the heart of this people, and make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes: lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and be converted and I heal them. |
New Yorkers for Parks 翻譯成紐約客保衛公園 似乎過於沉重 "紐約客" 也是人云亦云
"New Yorkers for Parks released a new report, "Spotlight on Recreation: A Report Card on Parks Project," which rates the maintenance conditions of three outdoor recreation features in New York City's neighborhood parks: playgrounds, courts, and ballfields."
View the Press Release
Download the Executieve Summary
Download the Full Report
公園運動遊戲場 評分低
「紐約客」抽查 碎玻璃、垃圾、維修情況變糟 還有場地無故關閉
「紐約客保衛公園」2007年隨機抽查五區的49座公園各三次，
運 動場方面，場內情形和2006年相同，沒有水坑、
此外，在部分人造運動場被測出含鉛，引起兒童健康憂慮後，
該委會表示，它的研究顯示，較新的運動場不含鉛，
鉛使用於人工草皮產品，使草皮呈現多種顏色，
該委員會建議，年幼兒童在外遊玩後需洗手，特別是在吃東西之前。
『更有感於當年美國雷根總統的名言 Leaving Marxism-Leninism on the ash heap of history 被國內報刊倉促間誤譯為「將馬列主義棄置於歷史的灰燼之上」。 認為 ash 固然是「灰燼」，但「歷史」無論好壞，都不能燒除得了;而 ash 一 字之後，如再加一個名詞，其意義就變了。例如 ash bin' ash can 都是「垃圾箱」， ash cart 是 「垃圾車」，ash heap 則是「垃圾堆」;因此，將 ashheap 譯為「灰 燼」，也是極大的錯誤，個人早有釐清的意願。如今，錫蕃兄的《咬文嚼字話翻譯》一書，業已打開一條通路，相信此書之問世，必然為國人研究或使用中西文 字，注入一股活力與清流，帶動中國文學走向更璀燦的時代。』 ──以上錄自倪搏九推薦序《咬文嚼字話翻譯》∼（台北：天下出版）
hc簡記：
現在的資訊發達，我們根據Wikipedia article "Ash heap of history".
很容易知道這是常識: The expression ash heap of history (or often dustbin of history) was coined by Leon Trotsky….
而更重要的是，”…His exact phrase was: "... freedom and democracy will leave Marxism and Leninism on the ash heap of history." [2]”
"葛蘭西試著顯示，在社會中履行知識分子作用的人可以分為兩類：第一類是傳統的知識分子(traditional intellectuals),例如老師、教士，行政官吏，這類人代代從事相同的工作；第二類是有機的知識分子(organic intellectuals),在葛蘭西眼中，這類人與階級或企業直接相關，而這些階級或企業運用知識分子來贏得更多的權力，獲取更多的控制。
1. on Page 4: ". . Gramsci tries to show, can be divided into two types: first, traditional intellectuals such as teachers, priests, and administrators, ...".. who continue to do the same thing from generation to generation; and second, organic intellectuals, whom Gramsci saw as directly connected to classes or enterprises that used intellectuals to organize interests, ..."
| on Page 67: | |||
| "... As the institutions either rise or fall in ascendancy, so too do their organic intellectuals, to use Antonio's Gramsci's serviceable phrase for them. ..." 此外 下段的翻譯也有"含混"之嫌: free-floatingRepresentations of the Intellectual: The 1993 Reith Lectures
"... Real intellectuals constitute a clerisy, very rare creatures indeed, since what they uphold are eternal standards of truth and justice that are precisely not of ..." 真 正的知識分子形成了一個知識階層(clerisy)，的確是稀有罕見之人，因為他們支持、維護的正是不屬於這個世界的真理與正義的永恆標準。他說：真正 的知識分子「他們的活動本質上不是追求實用的目的，而是在藝術、科學或形而上的思索中尋求樂趣，簡言之，就是樂於尋求擁有非物質方面的利益，因此以某種方 式說：『我的國度不屬於這世界』」。 HC改--沒原文 猜測 真正的知識分子形成了文人精英圈(clerisy)，的確是稀有罕見之人，因為他們支持、維護的正是真理與正義的永恆標準-- 而它們不屬於這個塵世的。 |
英文版
Wikipedia article "Atlas Mountains".
不過
（（法）讓熱（Jenger, J.） 著 {勒•柯布西埃：為了感動的建築}，周嫄 譯，上海：上海人民出版社，2006，第97頁。）
翻譯為Atlas 之鏈
同樣的 傳主將掛毯稱為Mural-nomad
台灣翻譯為遊牧 大陸為 流動
這通常用遊牧［放浪］
整體說來 也許 台北版的文字 比較對味口
Tsang-Houei Hsu Culture and Art Foundation 許常惠文化藝術基金會
Khó͘ Siông-hūi (許常惠) WIKI 的閩南語 Bân-lâm-gú
‘Nihil quod tetigit non ornavit.’ His mind resembled a fertile, but thin soil. ..... for chymical experiments, of which Johnson was all his life very fond. ...The Life of Samuel Johnson LL.D., by James Boswell (chapter21)
這Johnson 給 Goldsmith 在西敏逝寺的墓志銘;epitaph :nihil tetigit quod non ornavit 三本中文翻譯都略去
有意思的是我們可以找到Nihil tetigit quod non ornavit 的一些英文翻譯：
He touched nothing that he didn’t adorn..
He adorned whatever he touched..
He touched nothing without embellishing it.
But art and poetry will always give to universals "a local habitation and a name." They have made the particular, even the minute, inviolable. Nowhere more so than in Canto IV of Pope's The Rape of the Lock:
A constant Vapour o'er the palace flies; Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise; Dreadful, as hermit's dreams in haunted shades, Or bright, as visions of expiring maids. Now glaring fiends, and snakes on rolling spires, Pale spectres, gaping tombs, and purple fires: Now lakes of liquid gold, Elysian scenes, And crystal domes, and Angels in machines.Unnumber'd throngs on ev'ry side are seen, Of bodies chang'd to various forms of Spleen. Here living Tea-pots stand, one arm held out, One bent; the handle this, and that the spout: A Pipkin there, like Homer's Tripod walks; Here sighs a Jar, and there a Goose-pye talks; Men prove with child, as pow'rful fancy works, And maids turn'd bottles, call aloud for corks.
That last couplet cries out, doubtless, for reduction to the psychoanalytic. Yet how little of its surrealistic magic such reduction can theorize. Pope's ironic self-subversions can, indeed, be grist for a deconstructive mill. Ground to theoretical dust, what have they yielded of their nightmare-charm? The most penetrating gloss on this passage is Beardsley's illustration in which, if not God, the devil lies in the detail. Ask any child whether that "living Tea-pot" can suffer deconstruction, whether theory can arrest that walking pipkin.
上述是Errata第一章之末尾又，George Steiner這位仁兄:
George Steiner was a contributor to The Economist and chief literary critic of The New Yorker. He is a former professor at Princeton University, Cambridge University, and the University of Geneva. He is the author of After Babel, The Death of Tragedy, and Language and Silence.
我們在SU等地談過他；兩篇隨筆如附。
After Babel: aspects of language and translation
現在記一點點 After Babel: aspects of language and translation Oxford University Press
這本書1975/92/98(第三版)有影印：
上海外語教育出版社 (2001) ； Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, Volume 25, Number 2, June 2007 , pp. 239-243(5) Publisher: NISC Pty Ltd
After Babel 書前引言 MARTIN HEIDEGGER的德文和 J.-L., Borges的西班牙文和 Henri MESCHONNIC的法文，都有看沒懂（沒翻譯），幸虧另外等份量的英文難不倒我（Are you sure? ），其中一小段：No problem is as completely concordant with literature and with the modest mystery of literature as is the problem posed by a translation.
After Babel 書末舉 Beckett 自己將 Endgame 中主角Hamm到瘋人院看他朋友的一段英文和其翻譯的許多差別（pp. 496-97）。
書中談哥德的三層次翻譯論（pp. 270-75：我在1997年的 Out of the Crisis 的翻譯後記中提過它呢 哈哈 有點吹牛啦.. ）
Errata和 Lessons of the Masters的中文翻譯都無索引 問題多多
勘誤表－審視後的生命 Errata 中文序言大略談第五章The Hermeneutic Motion 的 "信任" 攻佔" "吸納" "補償"等 不過太簡陋啦
附
| 2006-07-24 11:03:30 |
喬治‧史坦納(George Steiner)『哈佛諾頓講座之大師與門徒』（Lessons of the Masters）邱振訓譯，台北：立緒出版社，2006，pp
"真正的教學是一份使命，是一種神召。……接受神召的先知或捫其良
他的思想
觸及遙遠高處，直至天堂諸神，
而他的想像所眺景象
遠超他凡人視力所及。他學習所有事物
以其縝密而熱切的心靈，他帶回家中
所習得的一切並坐在群眾之中
教導他們真正有價值事物，而他們聆聽
在一片靜默之中……
……
常有人以質疑甚或嘲弄的態度來看待這份神諭：「我現在將跟隨我心中
沒有什麼奇景可比擬於列在
星空之高，遠離塵世沈悶的宗教，
騰雲駕霧，站在亞特拉斯巨人的肩上，
眺望遠處，俯瞰下方，那些小小人兒
奔波東西，欠缺理性，
焦慮不安，因懼怕死亡，去勸告他們
去開啟未定的命運。"
***** hc評
作者插的那句評論會讓讀者有點困惑。這原來是同一章之詩。
現在將另外一比較可靠的散文翻譯：
奧維德『變形記』楊周翰譯，北京：人民文學出版社，1984
我現在是受神的感召在說話 因此我就服從神的旨意 說他叫我說的話
我要把得爾福和天堂打開 把至高的神意向你們表露
我喜歡離開沉濁的人寰 翱翔於萬點星空 足乘青雲
凌駕阿特拉斯之上而俯視[塵世
望著眾人浮游其間
全無理性
惶惶不可終日
惟恐寂滅
我要勸告你們
我要把命運究竟展示給你們看….
ERRATA
An Examined Life.
By George Steiner.
206 pp. New Haven:
Yale University Press. $25.
英國版1997年出版
George Steiner, polymath, has written an intellectual autobiography.
Read the First Chapter
The most penetrating gloss on this passage is Beardsley's illustration in which, if not God, the devil lies in the detail. 這句也是英文熟語的文字遊戲 翻譯未表示"細節"
gloss是說明而非分析
紐約時報書評一針見血指出作者許多科學用語多為濫用
G Steiner, Errata: An Examined Life (London, Faber, 1997)
日文版幾乎同步--· ジョージ・スタイナー, "G. スタイナー自伝", 工藤政司 訳, みすず書房, 1998., ISBN4-622-03085-3 C1010 \3000E
書名：勘誤表－審視後的生命
作者：喬治‧史坦納
譯者：李根芳
台北：行人 出版 2007 / 08
這本書的譯注還是缺近百來個待補
有的多注言不及義 譬如說 George Orwell 關於英文語文的著作 才是作者要談的
我還懷疑她對某詩人(策蘭.....)名字翻譯多名稱
出版社沒搞"索引" 就無法幫助讀者很快了解作者對自己著作--他的書日本翻譯得相當多
本書作者一重要字眼 presence ---它在第一章中是如何處理
{presence： 臨在；鑒臨；親在：指兩存有物某種程度的互相滲透
:At that hour, in the days following, the totalities of personal experience, of human contacts, of landscape around me became a mosaic, each fragment at once luminous and resistant in its "quiddity" (the Scholastic term for integral presence revived by Gerard Manley Hopkins). 翻譯為.......每個碎片的"本質" "quiddity" (....指完整呈現的詞語........).
我們需要索引來詳細審查一些術語 譬如說 本書翻譯成" 重重深淵"的 :在第一章類似「紋中紋手法（mise en abyme ）」(ミザナビーム(mise-en-abyme)とは、フランス語で「深淵に入る」と言う意味で、英語では "put in the abyss"と訳されます。 また、ミザナビームの別名として、入れ子構造の物語(Chinese box narrative) 、 ...)…..
查中文網路發現將NAVAN/NAVEN/NAVIN等，都翻譯成納文。提倡多採用專名之原文，不要翻譯。
我們可以比較書名副標題的翻譯
譯者將MONGOLS（蒙古人） 翻譯成" 蒙戈爾人" (p.212) ，有點不可思議。
錢鍾書”談藝錄” 頁61：「人藝足補天工，然而人藝即天工也。」（This is an Art/ Which does mend Nature, change it rather, but/The Art itself is Nature ） 錢先生沒全譯。
朱生豪版本全譯卻冗長：「這是一種改良天然的藝術，或者可說是改變天然，但那種藝術的本身正是出於天然。」（此版本的第四幕第三場，與一般的第四幕第四場不同）。
找的版本標點等都略有不同：
Perd. For I haue heard it said,There is an Art, which in their pidenesse sharesWith great creating-Nature Pol. Say there be:Yet Nature is made better by no meane,But Nature makes that Meane: so ouer that Art,(Which you say addes to Nature) is an ArtThat Nature makes: you see (sweet Maid) we marryA gentler Sien, to the wildest Stocke,And make conceyue a barke of baser kindeBy bud of Nobler race. This is an ArtWhich do's mend Nature: change it rather, butThe Art it selfe, is Nature http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext00/0ws4010.txt
學者提出許多問題，譬如說為什麼在此羊毛之鄉談起園藝？
The fourth Act of The Winter's Tale is excessively long and tedious, without obvious progression of the plot. In this Act, we can see masque-like features-music, songs, dances and sheep-shearing. In ActIV, scene iv, there is Perdita's quasi-philosophical debate with Polixenes on Art and Nature. Why is the debate being invoked in the middle of a country sheep-shearing festival? This paper argues what this peculiarity means in the flow of Shakespeare's dramaturgy.
WSJ的翻譯：
But many who lived through the seven tense months before the deal say Bear Stearns imploded because it was at war with itself. Buffeted by the most treacherous market forces in a generation and hobbled by indecision, the firm's leaders missed opportunities that might have been able to save the 85-year-old brokerage.
不過那些經歷了交易前那緊張的七個月時間的人們表示﹐貝爾斯登的千里之堤之所以潰敗﹐是因為它在內耗。遭遇幾十年來最為凶險的市場力量﹐加之管理層的優柔寡斷﹐這家有著85年曆（sic；原文錯字）史的老牌經紀公司錯失了那些可能拯救自己【hc案：這是怪中文】的機會。
Many African-Americans exulted in a political triumph they never thought they would see, hoping their children would draw strength.
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