史景遷（Jonathan D. Spence, 1936~2021） 忌日，談其英文翻譯不容易，以Mao Zedong: A Life，翻譯 《胡鬧領主毛澤東：永不休止的顛覆與冒險》Lord of Misrule 為例
Kings ought never to be seen upon the stage. In the abstract, they are very disagreeable characters: it is only while living that they are 'the best of kings'... and seen AS THEY WERE, their power and their pretensions look monstrous and ridiculous.
In the abstract
idiom
Kings ought never to be seen upon the stage. In the abstract, they are very disagreeable characters: it is only while living that they are 'the best of kings'. It is their power, their splendour, it is the apprehension of the personal consequences of their favour or their hatred that dazzles the imagination and suspends the judgement of their favourites or their vassals; but death cancels the bond of allegiance and of interest; and seen AS THEY WERE, their power and their pretensions look monstrous and ridiculous.
In the abstract
idiom
石黑一雄（Kazuo Ishiguro），
2015年出版的《被埋葬的巨人》（The Buried Giant）翻譯成
《被埋葬的記憶》（The Buried Giant）
The Buried Giant is a fantasy novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British writer Kazuo Ishiguro, published in March 2015. The novel follows an elderly Briton couple, Axl and Beatrice, living in a fictional post-Arthurian England in which no-one is able to retain long-term memories. Wikipedia
2021年12月26日，著名歷史學家、中國史學者、耶魯大學榮譽教授 #史景遷（Jonathan D. Spence）於康乃狄克州家中逝世，享年85歲，如今一年已過。
《文化類同與文化利用》北大出版社，1997 (演講)
《胡鬧領主毛澤東：永不休止的顛覆與冒險》
Lord of Misrule
In England, the Lord of Misrule – known in Scotland as the Abbot of Unreason and in France as the Prince des Sots – was an officer appointed by lot during Christmastide to preside over the Feast of Fools. The Lord of Misrule was generally a peasant or sub-deacon appointed to be in charge of Christmas revelries, which often included drunkenness and wild partying.
The Church in England held a similar festival involving a boy bishop.[1] This custom was abolished by Henry VIII in 1541, restored by the Catholic Mary I and again abolished by Protestant Elizabeth I, though here and there it lingered on for some time longer.[2] On the Continent it was suppressed by the Council of Basel in 1431, but was revived in some places from time to time, even as late as the eighteenth century. In the Tudor period, the Lord of Misrule (sometimes called the Abbot of Misrule or the King of Misrule)[1] is mentioned a number of times by contemporary documents referring to revels both at court and among the ordinary people.[3][4][5]
While mostly known as a British holiday custom, some folklorists, such as James Frazer and Mikhail Bakhtin (who is said to have borrowed the novel idea from Frazer), have claimed that the appointment of a Lord of Misrule comes from a similar custom practised during the Roman celebration of Saturnalia.[6][7] In ancient Rome, from 17 to 23 December (in the Julian calendar), a man chosen to be a mock king was appointed for the feast of Saturnalia, in the guise of the Roman deity Saturn;[1] at the end of the festival, the man was sacrificed.[6] This hypothesis has been heavily criticized by William Warde Fowler and as such, the Christmas custom of the Lord of Misrule during the Christian era and the Saturnalian custom of antiquity may have completely separate origins;[6] the two separate customs, however, can be compared and contrasted.[6][8]
史景遷（Jonathan D. Spence )過世前2周，我沒直播的題目。
台北書緣（46）：史景遷（Jonathan D. Spence, 1936~2021）著作簡述。《利瑪竇的記憶之宮》(台北輔仁大學1991；上海遠東2005；台北時報文化)The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci By Jonathan D. Spence 1985； 張 錯《利瑪竇入華及其它其它》(香港：城市大學，2002/2007)
2021年12月26日，著名歷史學家、中國史學者、耶魯大學榮譽教授 #史景遷（Jonathan D. Spence）於康乃狄克州家中逝世，享年85歲。史景遷一生著作極豐，包括《追尋現代中國》、《太平天國》、《改變中國》、《天安門》、《胡若望的疑問》、《利瑪竇的記憶宮殿》、《曹寅與康熙》等等。
史景遷：「我不覺得各文化間有明顯的衝突，中國與西方文化有很多複雜的交錯點。利瑪竇對中國文化並未完全理解，卻十分重視；他受中國經典的影響，認為儒學和基督教有著極大的相似性，對道德問題都有相同的關懷，對人類文明如人口、生態等具有共通性的問題，進行平行的追求。」
Jonathan D. Spence (史景遷1936~2021)著作簡述。《中國縱橫：一個漢學家的學術探索之旅》
Jonathan Dermot Spence (11 August 1936 – 25 December 2021) was an English-born American historian, sinologist, and writer specialising in Chinese history. He was Sterling Professor of History at Yale University from 1993 to 2008. His most widely read book is The Search for Modern China, a survey of the last several hundred years of Chinese history based on his popular course at Yale. A prolific author, reviewer, and essayist, he has published more than a dozen books on China. He retired from Yale in 2008.[2]
Spence's major interest was modern China, especially the Qing Dynasty, and relations between China and the West.[5] Spence frequently used biographies to examine cultural and political history. Another common theme is the efforts of both Westerners and Chinese "to change China,"[6] and how such efforts were frustrated.[5]
Bibliography[edit]
Books[edit]
- The Search for Modern China (1990; 2nd edition, 1999; 3rd edition 2013)
- Tsʻao Yin and the Kʻang-hsi Emperor: bondservant and master (1966)[14]
- To Change China: Western Advisers in China, 1620–1960 (Boston, Little Brown, 1969).
- Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-Hsi (1974)[15]
- The Death of Woman Wang (1978). Story situated in 17th century Tancheng.
- The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci (1984)
- The Question of Hu (New York: Knopf, 1987 ISBN 978-0-394-57190-4). Biography of John Hu 胡若望, 18th-century Chinese who came to France.
- Chinese Roundabout: Essays on History and Culture
- The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution 1895–1980 (1982)
- The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds
- God's Chinese Son (New York: Norton, 1996 ISBN 978-0-393-03844-6). Biography of Hong Xiuchuan, leader of Taiping Rebellion.
- Mao Zedong. Penguin Lives. New York: Viking Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-670-88669-2. OCLC 41641238. Lay summary (6 February 2000).
- Treason by the Book (2001)
- Return to Dragon Mountain: Memories of a Late Ming Man (2007) Viking, 332 pages. ISBN 978-0-670-06357-4
Book reviews[edit]
- "The Dream of Catholic China" The New York Review of Books 54/11 (28 June 2007) : 22–24 [reviews Liam Matthew Brockey, Journey to the East: the Jesuit Mission to China, 1579–1724]
著作物[編集]
書籍[編集]
- The Search for Modern China (1990; 2nd edition, 1999; 3rd edition 2013)
- Tsʻao Yin and the Kʻang-hsi Emperor: bondservant and master (1966)[12]
- To Change China: Western Advisers in China, 1620–1960 (Boston, Little Brown, 1969).
- 日本語訳: 『中国を変えた西洋人顧問』三石善吉訳、講談社、1975年。
- Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-Hsi (1974)[13]
- The Death of Woman Wang (1978) - 17世紀の郯城県を舞台とする物語
- 日本語訳: 『ある農婦の死 十七世紀、中国の現実と夢幻世界』山本英史訳、平凡社、1990年。ISBN 4-582-48203-1。
- The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci (1984)
- 日本語訳: 『マッテオ・リッチ 記憶の宮殿』古田島洋介訳、平凡社、1995年。ISBN 978-4582482119。
- The Question of Hu (New York: Knopf, 1987 978-0-394-57190-4) - 18世紀の中国人で、フランスを訪問した胡若望の伝記
- Chinese Roundabout: Essays on History and Culture
- The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution 1895–1980 (1982)
- The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds
- God's Chinese Son (New York: Norton, 1996 978-0-393-03844-6) - 太平天国の乱の首謀者洪秀全の伝記
- 日本語訳: 『神の子 洪秀全: その太平天国の建設と滅亡』佐藤公彦訳、慶應義塾大学出版会、2011年。ISBN 978-4766419061。
- Mao Zedong. Penguin Lives. New York: Viking Press. (1999). ISBN 978-0-670-88669-2. OCLC 41641238
- 日本語訳: 『毛沢東』小泉朝子訳、岩波書店 ペンギン評伝双書、2002年。ISBN 978-4000267663。
- Return to Dragon Mountain: Memories of a Late Ming Man (2007) Viking, 332 pages. 978-0-670-06357-4
- Treason by the Book (Viking, 2001) 0-14-102779-7
Sidney D. Gamble簡傳，參考：史景遷：照片：The Search for Modern China、《中國縱橫：一個漢學家的學術探索之旅‧甘博在中國》 ；《百年凝視：西方鏡頭下的變革中國，社會經濟學家甘博1917～1932記錄的歷史瞬間》。漢清講堂轉 293 妙峰山進香記(文:莊嚴; 影片:Sidney D. Gamble )莊嚴 (1899~1980) :北溝傳奇...:
《利瑪竇的記憶之宮》(台北輔仁大學1991；上海遠東2005；台北時報文化)The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci By Jonathan D. Spence 1985；
張 錯《利瑪竇入華及其它其它》(香港：城市大學，2002/2007)
台北書緣（46）：利瑪竇：《胡適書信選集》(北大)
he Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci Paperback - Amazon.com
https://www.amazon.com › Memory-Palace-Matteo-Ricci
In 1577, the Jesuit Priest Matteo Ricci set out from Italy to bring Christian faith and Western thought to Ming dynasty China. To capture the complex ...
The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci - 博客來
https://www.books.com.tw › products
In 1577, the Jesuit Priest Matteo Ricci set out from Italy to bring Christian faith and Western thought to Ming dynasty China. To capture the complex ...
地圖[編輯]
利瑪竇製作的世界地圖《坤輿萬國全圖》是中國歷史上現存最早有完整經緯線的世界地圖，在中國先後被十二次刻印。而且問世後不久，在江戶時代前期也被介紹到了日本。該地圖使得日本人傳統的崇拜中華的「慕夏」觀念因此發生根本性的變化。對日本地理學的發展，有著很重要的影響。北極、南極、地中海、日本海等詞彙皆出於此地圖。至今，日本仍稱17世紀至18世紀的地圖為利瑪竇系地圖。
利瑪竇親自參與繪製的世界地圖刻本共有六部，現僅存兩部，一是1602年北京版《坤輿萬國全圖》，二是《兩儀玄覽圖》[10]。 利瑪竇所繪地圖目前考證如下：[11][12]
- 1584年，在肇慶繪製的第一幅世界地圖。原圖已佚，也見不到摹本。時任應天巡撫的趙可懷曾將此圖刻在蘇州姑蘇驛的石頭上（已不存在），題為《山海輿地圖》。
- 1595~1598年，根據利瑪竇本人記述，在南昌繪製多種世界地圖，如《世界圖誌》、《世界圖記》等。原圖都已佚失，只有《輿地山海全圖》的摹本保存在章潢《圖書編》。
- 1600年，在南京繪製的《山海輿地全圖》。原圖已佚，但摹本保存在馮應京的《月令廣義》及王圻的《三才圖會》中。
- 1602年，在北京繪製的《坤輿萬國全圖》。有多種版本保存至今。
- 1603年，在北京繪製的《兩儀玄覽圖》。有兩幅保存至今。
- 約1603-1604年，在北京繪製的地球東西兩半球圖。利瑪竇稱之為「世界輿地兩小圖（ doi mappamondi piccoli）」。此圖原刻本已佚，摹本保存在程百二所編的《方奧勝略》。
