吹毛求疵："backlash"、 "ingrained " 、"lightning rod"、visceral

Now, the country’s immunization program faces a backlash of public distrust that critics say has been magnified by the government’s ingrained secrecy.

如今這個國家的免疫接種系統面臨公眾強烈的不信任，評論人士稱，這種情緒被政府一貫以來的隱瞞作風放大了。http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20160419/c19chinavaccine/dual/

提問："backlash" (激烈的反感等)漏譯。

 "ingrained " (根深的)是"一貫以來"嗎？

The faulty vaccines have become the latest lightning rod for widespread, often visceral distrust of China’s medical system, as well as a rebuff to what many Chinese critics see as President Xi Jinping’s bulldozing, top-down rule.
在中國，人們往往普遍對醫療體系極不信任感，這次的問題疫苗事件無疑成為了最新話題；此外許多中國評論人士認為，疫苗事件是對習近平主席嚴厲的、自上而下的統治的冷漠回應。

lightning rod noun [C] US 原意為避雷針， 轉為"被攻擊、批判的替身"：上
文指散播不信任之"傳輸管道"。someone or something that takes all the blame for a situation, although other people or things are responsible too:

In a harsh economic climate, raises for teachers have become a lightning rod for criticism.


"visceral" distrust不是"極不信任感"，而是"直覺的、本能的"不信任。




visceral

知性でなく)本能から生じる；直観的な，本能的な，感情的な；心［腹］の底からの（◆gut の婉曲語）

• a visceral reaction
• 本能的反応

• a visceral dislike [or hate, repug-nance]
• 虫が好かないこと

• The sympathy is visceral.
• 同情とは腹の底からわいてくるものだ.

ingrained
adjective
1 (of beliefs) so firmly held that they are not likely to change:
Such ingrained prejudices cannot be corrected easily.
The belief that you should own your house is deeply ingrained in British society.

2 Ingrained dirt has got under the surface of something and is difficult to remove:
The oil had become ingrained in his skin.

1 〈偏見・迷信・気性・習慣などが〉深く染み込んだ，しっかり植えつけられた，根深い；生得の，生まれつきの；全くの

1. • an ingrained superstition
   • 根深い迷信
   • an ingrained habit
   • 身に染みついた習慣
   • ingrained stubbornness
   • 持ち前の頑固さ.
2. 2 〈特に，よごれが〉糸［繊維］の中まで染み込んだ. (また engrained)

backlash 

音節

 

báck • làsh

1. [名詞]
2. 1 反発，(急激な)反動，跳ね返り.
3. 2 (社会的・政治的な)激しい反発，反感
   • white backlash
   • (白人の黒人に対する)反発.
4. 3 〔機械〕 バックラッシュ.
5. (1)(歯車の間の)すき間，あそび.
6. (2)(機械の間の)あそび，がた.
7. 4 〔釣り〕 (リールの回転が速すぎるために起こる)釣り糸のもつれ.

1. ━━ [自動詞]