2018年5月28日 星期一

《湯姆大伯的小屋:卑賤者的生活》vs《湯姆叔叔的小屋》

傅雷在《貝姨》中解釋過「姨」原文,在西方是多指的 (親屬稱謂多),同樣的,《維基百科,自由的百科全書   湯姆叔叔的小屋:卑賤者的生活 》的「叔叔」說法,柿子前的誤解。
 《湯姆大伯的小屋》黃繼忠譯,上海譯文出版社,1993,頁XI,說明 "UNCLE"可指叔、伯、舅、姑、姨。取 《湯姆大伯的小屋》是由書中人物的關係來判斷。

日譯本採音譯:『アンクル・トムの小屋』(Uncle Tom's Cabin



湯姆叔叔的小屋
《湯姆叔叔的小屋》,波士頓版
《湯姆叔叔的小屋》,波士頓版
作者哈里特·比徹·斯托
原名Uncle Tom's Cabin
插圖哈馬特·比林斯(第一版)
出版地 美國
語言英文
類型小說
出版商國家時代》(連載)
John P. Jewett and Company(兩冊)
出版日期1852年3月20日
媒介印刷(精裝平裝
ISBN
下一部作品湯姆叔叔小屋題解》(1953年)
湯姆叔叔的小屋:卑賤者的生活》(英語:Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly[1][2]),又譯作《黑奴籲天錄》、《湯姆大伯的小屋》,是美國作家哈里特·比徹·斯托(斯托夫人)於1852年發表的一部反奴隸制的小說。這部小說中關於非裔美國人美國奴隸制度的觀點曾產生過意義深遠的影響,並在某種程度上激化了導致美國內戰地區局部衝突[3]
出生於康乃狄克州的斯托夫人,是哈特福德女子學院的一名教師,同時,她也是一位積極的廢奴主義者。全書以久經苦難的黑奴湯姆叔叔(Uncle Tom)的故事為中心,在旁及他周圍人——均為奴隸與奴隸主——的經歷。這部感傷小說深刻地描繪出奴隸制度殘酷的本質;並認為基督徒的愛可以戰勝由奴役人類同胞所帶來的種種傷害[4][5][6]
《湯姆叔叔的小屋》這部小說是19世紀最暢銷的小說[7](以及第二暢銷的書,僅次於最暢銷的書《聖經》)[8],並被認為是刺激1850年代廢奴主義興起的一大原因[9]。在它發表的頭一年裡,在美國本土便銷售出了三十萬冊。《湯姆叔叔的小屋》對美國社會的影響是如此巨大,以致在南北戰爭爆發的初期,當林肯接見斯托夫人時,曾說到:「你就是那位引發了一場大戰的小婦人。」[10] 後來,這句話為眾多作家競相引用[11]
《湯姆叔叔的小屋》以及受其啟發而寫作出的各種劇本,還促進了大量黑人刻板印象的產生[12],不少的這些形象在當今都為人們所熟知。譬如慈愛善良的黑人保姆黑小孩的原型、以及順從、堅忍並忠心於白人主人的湯姆叔叔。最近幾十年來,《湯姆叔叔的小屋》中的這些消極成分,已在一定程度上弱化了這本書作為「重要的反奴隸制工具」的歷史作用[13]

2018年5月26日 星期六

Proverbs 11:29, inherit the wind;箴言十八:7/8; Valéry Giscard d'Estaing





Inherit the Wind is an American play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, which debuted in 1955. The story fictionalizes the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial as a means to discuss the then-contemporary McCarthy trials.[1][2] The debate over creationismversus evolution has contemporary resonance, as evidenced by the play's numerous revivals and screen adaptations decades after its initial theatrical run.[3]

《承受清風》李海倫譯,香港:今日世界出版社,1981

Image result for inherit the wind


Title[edit]

The play's title comes from Proverbs 11:29, which in the King James Bible reads:
He that troubleth his own house shall inherit the wind: and the fool shall be servant to the wise of heart.
In Act Two, Scene One, Brady admonishes Reverend Brown with this Bible quote for alienating his daughter when he gives a fiery sermon against Cates.

29危害自己家庭的,必承受虛幻;愚昧的人,必作心智者的奴隸。

箴言11:29 『擾害己家的,必承受清風;愚昧人必作慧心人的僕人。 』


Proverbs 

18:7
A fool's mouth is his ruin, and his lips are a snare to his soul.

愚人的舌,使自己喪亡;他的嘴唇,是害己的陷阱。

「他的嘴,是他生命的網羅」(箴言十八:7)

18:8 The words of a gossip are like choice morsels; they go down to the inmost parts.

The words of a talebearer are like tasty trifles, And they go down into theinmost body. 

進讒者的話,如可口美味,能深深透入肺腑的深處。

talebearer
ˈteɪlbɛːrə/
noun
dated
  1. a person who maliciously gossips or reveals secrets.

****
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing 的發音:參考Google Translate

在Wikipedia:
瓦勒里·季斯卡·德斯坦Valéry Giscard d'Estaing,又譯作季斯卡按「季斯卡·德斯坦」為姓,「瓦勒里」為名,1926年2月2日法語發音[valeˈʀi ʒisˌkaʀdɛsˈtɛ̃]),法國政治家,前任法國總統。因為主持起草《歐盟憲法條約》,又被譽為歐盟憲法之父



被譽為“歐洲憲法之父”和“歐元之父”的法國前總統德斯坦(Valéry Giscard d'Estaing)在新書“Europa: la dernière chance de l'Europe” (歐羅巴:歐洲最後的希望)中回顧了與德國前總理赫爾穆特-施密特共建歐盟架構的往昔,和對歐盟現狀的分析。92歲高齡的德斯坦日前在一場見面會中寄望2019年的歐洲議會選舉,執政黨巴黎議員麥雅爾(Sylvain Maillard)主持會議。


被譽為“歐洲憲法之父”和“歐元之父”的法國前總統德斯坦(Valéry Giscard d'Estaing)在新書“Europa: la dernière chance de l'Europe”…
TRAD.CN.RFI.FR

2018年5月22日 星期二

曰、恭、寬、信、敏、惠 ;Confucius is a most unlikely figure to be made the centre of veneration

姑且不談封面的衣物,可能有時代錯誤。
我們現在談"子曰"的回譯成中文。
很笨的方法之一是找出該引言的出處,譬如說,


17:6. Tzu-chang asked Confucius about humanity. Confucius said, "One who can practice five things wherever he may be is a man of humanity." Tzu-chang asked what the five are. Confucius said, "Earnestness, liberality, truthfulness, diligence, and generosity. If one is earnest, one will not be treated with disrespect. If one is liberal, one will win the hearts of all. If one is truthful, one will be trusted. If one is diligent, one will be successful. And if one is generous, one will be able to enjoy the service of others."
http://www.rjbaker.com/RJBDup/analects.htm

Confucius Analects


再找Wikisource 論語第17
陽貨第十七
BOOK XVII. YANG HO.


https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Confucian_Analects/XVII


【第六章】子張問仁於孔子、孔子曰、能行五者於天下爲仁矣。請問之、曰、恭、寬、信、敏、惠、恭、則不侮、寬、則得眾、信、則人任焉、敏、則有功、惠、則足以使人。





Confucius is recognized as China’s greatest teacher. His family name was Kong, and his personal name was Qiu (stylized as Zhongni), but he was eventually given the title Kong Fuzi, which has been Latinized as “Confucius.” Confucius’s father died when the son was three; by seventeen, Confucius supported his mother. Confucius married at age nineteen, had two daughters and a son, and held a minor office in Lu. He dedicated his life to teaching but believed that he was called to reform the decaying Zhou culture.
"One who can practise five things wherever he may be is a man of humanity…earnestness, liberality, truthfulness, diligence, and generosity."



****

這是2008年的一則試譯。還有一半沒譯出。

Even from this brief discussion, we can see that Confucius is a most unlikely figure to be made the centre of veneration. He did not have conventional leadership qualities, and his resonance - to me at least - comes from his lack of grandstanding; his constant awareness of his own shortcomings; his rejection of dogmatism; and his flashes of dry wit. These qualities, mixed with an ongoing patience with the hasty questions of the young, and his determination to help them think rather than force their adherence to a particular point of view. Few other world figures, I think, could have phrased their life goals in the disarming yet proud way that Confucius did, as recorded in the Analects. And this celebrated passage, known widely in China, just goes as follows:
史景遷先生
即使從上述簡短的討論,我們就知道,孔子最不可能成為重人崇拜的人物。他沒有傳統的領導素質,而他能引人共鳴的--管見--來自他不會去譁眾取寵;他一向都能自覺自己的缺點他能"毋固、毋必"他待人接物上能針貶而不討人厭,能幽默以對。


This delivery is also called dry humor or dry wit, when the intent, but not the presentation, is humorous, blunt, oblique, sarcastic, laconic, or apparently unintentional.


Urban Dictionary: dry wit

www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=dry+wit

Top Definitiondry wit. 1.) The ability to criticise someone and have them laugh about it; see also oblivious 2.) Humour that soars over the heads of your less ...

grand・stand

grandstand is a large and normally permanent structure for seating spectators, most often at a racetrack.


(競馬場・競技場などの)正面観覧席; ((集合的)) その観客たち.
grand・stander 〔米話〕 スタンドプレーをする人.
grandstand finish 手に汗にぎる大接戦.
grandstand play 〔米〕 (野球の)スタンドプレー ((観衆のかっさいを目当てのプレー)).


grandstanding Show phonetics
noun [U] US INFORMAL
acting or speaking in a way intended to attract the good opinion of other people who are watching