2014年10月30日 星期四

反思重譯W. Edwards Deming的兩本書; Beyond Discipline and Punish: Is it time for a new translation of Foucault’s Surveiller et punir?

這種文章令人深思。
我重譯的W. Edwards Deming的兩本書,除了增加一些被莫名其妙刪掉處,多了些"譯注"作解說、補充說明、糾錯用;不過我沒有機會與北京的編輯就"整體"談,因為他連索引之作都認為太費我時間。
有許多東西和相關信息,我認為該編一本Companion to W. Edwards Deming.




要看。傅柯書 英譯版 的問題。
Alan Sheridan’s translation of Foucault’s Surveiller et punir as Discipline and Punish is almost forty years old, and it is sometimes said that great works of...
PROGRESSIVEGEOGRAPHIES.COM

2014年10月29日 星期三

梁永安:嚼飯授人之事(原載於《文訊雜誌》,2010年元月號);Ken Su 的評論

這一期的《文訊雜誌》,梁永安先生贈我一本。現在當然找不到,不過還是有轉發的理由。
Ken Su 的評論:
他以古代著名佛經譯者鳩摩羅什的翻譯觀作參照,「他很討厭清楚的翻譯,說翻譯得清楚,就像把飯嚼爛了再餵給別人吃,不給讀者自己領會的機會。但我感覺,看翻譯書本來就困難重重,讀者就像爬過無數道牆,已經累得半死了,還要他們自己揣摩一切實在強人之難......所以我盡可能給讀者多一點幫助。」梁永安對古代著名佛經譯者鳩摩羅什的翻譯觀,是過度解釋了,原文是:《高僧傳》二〈鳩摩羅什傳〉云:「初沙門慧僧叡才識高明,常隨什傳寫。什每為叡論西方辭體,商略同異,云:『天竺國俗甚重文製,其宮商體韻以入絃為善,凡覲國王必有讚德。見佛之儀,以歌歎為貴,經中偈頌皆其式也。但改梵為秦失其藻蔚,雖得大意,殊隔文體。有似嚼飯與人,非徒失味,乃令嘔噦也。』」(CBETA, T50, no. 2059, p. 332, b23-29)


January 6,2010 19:50

梁永安:嚼飯授人之事



靠翻譯維生的關鍵是手腳要快,必須全速生產,不能停下來喘氣。所以,我和莉迪亞工作起來都必須極度自律。拿到出版社委譯的書以後,我們會把書分成兩半(精確地說是「撕」成兩半,萬一我們只有一本工作樣書的話),一人半本,每天生產出定額字數。這個字數是天塌下來都必須完成的。我們每天都必須翻譯許多頁,而且有沒有那個心情都必須伏案工作。


這段文字,是美國小說家保羅‧奧斯特年輕時的回憶。在他還沒成為名滿天下的作家前,翻譯是他賴以維生的重要技能。即使翻譯的是文學作品,過程仍充滿了與一般工作無異的機械性質。稿酬與辛苦不一定成正比。


翻譯這本《失意錄》的梁永安對書中許多片段深有同感,「奧斯特講出了一些翻譯人的痛苦。」




對於這場採訪,梁永安原有些猶豫。儘管已是台灣少數質量兼具的資深譯筆,卻鮮少曝光,一是「譯者」在台灣多少給人「為人作嫁」的印象,本就是個低調的身分;另一方面,梁永安自認並非對作品滿懷熱情的譯者,「我是為了生活,出版社丟什麼活就做。不是因為特別喜歡什麼書才做。這麼說來,實在不好意思。」


雖說如此,以「工匠謀生活」自視的梁永安,卻能在十幾年間翻譯橫跨文學、宗教、生活、人文、社會科學等不同文類共近80部作品,且部部譯筆流暢,宛如閱讀中文創作。特別是學術論述類作品,不若坊間多數譯書往往令讀者迷失於未經轉化的英語句式,遑論理解原作的思辨邏輯,梁永安的翻譯,讓中文讀者得以在無凝滯罣礙的閱讀過程中,清楚看見原作者勾勒擘畫的世界景觀。


★我不知道除了翻譯我能做什麼?


梁永安是來台灣念大學的香港僑生。起先讀人類學,研究所時轉攻哲學,從學生時代就陸續受師長之託,翻譯單篇文章,練筆兼賺外快。


他做得很不錯,有些社會科學類的譯文還被收進文集出版成書。後來,在中華書局工作的朋友也找上他,要他參與《大英百科全書》的繁體中文版編撰。


念碩士時,課都修完了,他開始到出版社兼職做事,主要是編譯。當時出版社常做大部頭套書,最讓梁永安印象深刻的是一套《二十世紀全記錄》,內容是從各國每日報紙摘出頭條新聞,旁列其他重要大事。當時許多國家都出了自己的版本,出版社便找了通不同語言的研究生來翻譯,加上中國的新聞大事,整理匯編成台灣版。


在編輯過程中,梁永安發現,許多研究生的翻譯讀來實在受罪,與其修改,不如自己重寫。他花了大量時間做這些額外的工作,為日後走上專職翻譯之路,奠定進一步的基礎。


那幾年間,梁永安待過幾間出版社,不只翻譯,他做過各式各樣與書相關的工作,然而,每間出版社皆以結束營業收場,家裡又遭逢變故,原本想出國繼續攻讀學位的梁永安,必須尋求一份能確保生存的工作。


「我想,難道繼續當編輯嗎?雖然斷續有六、七年的經驗,好像只是(出版社結束)歷史重演罷了。不知道自己有何長才,也從未翻譯過一整本書的我,對當一個專職翻譯,我非常戒慎恐懼。」


這時,另一個出版社找上梁永安,要他修改已譯好的小說,從奇情到驚悚無所不包。在改譯的過程中,梁永安一邊留心別人如何翻譯,也就逐漸開竅了,「我認為自己或許也做得到。」就這樣,他接下了第一本全書翻譯,是立緒出版社的《孤獨》。


★譯者:二流作者和二流學者


因緣際會當上了專職翻譯,至今已十幾年。問梁永安,翻譯的快樂之處是什麼?他一聽就笑了,「這問題很有趣。通常朋友都問我,翻譯是不是很痛苦啊?會不會寧可不做啊?很少人問我翻譯的樂趣。」


他先娓娓道來翻譯的苦處:「那是很具體的、生理性的痛苦──每天要絞盡腦汁,死掉很多腦細胞,然後眼睛和手腕也累。在電腦前坐久了腰也累。有時會把所謂的愉快忘掉。但,根據我的理論,應該是有愉快的部分。我想,若一個人能把自己能力最強處發揮出來的話,這人應該是快樂的。」


梁永安強調,這能力並非偉大,而是人人都有某種優於其他能力的才能,若剛好能發揮,實現自己潛能,自然會感到愉快。在他,就是擁有翻譯的能力。


「翻譯牽涉到很多不同能力和要求,這些能力還必須有機緣集合在一處。它們是:紀律性、理解力、知識背景、邏輯思考性、找資料的能力......等等。我看過一篇論翻譯的文章說,若一個人是二三流的作家和二三流的學者,他可以是一個很勝任的譯者。我非常同意。」


梁永安對知識的熱情其來有自。從小愛看書、逛書店,大學也經常旁聽不同學科的課程,加上在出版社編纂百科全書、大事記等資訊性書籍的經驗,讓他對如何找到、應用跨界知識都知之甚詳。正因此,他的翻譯領域和幅度較之其他譯者,也來得更為廣泛,而不侷限於文學或非文學。


處理幅度大,工作自然有難易之分。梁永安認為文學小說是比較容易翻譯的,因為口語對話和短句多,不像非文學,多半由幾行字好幾組子句構成,要把層次理清楚,又要顧及前後文銜接的流暢,翻譯時往往煞費心思。


「說文學容易,但也有難處。文學難的是抓住對話重點和感情所在。把字翻出來,卻沒翻出感情,就不算了。」


「還有一難是寫景,因為風景是一個圓融的整體,一個作家寫了很多句子來鋪陳一個風景,要讓讀者想像出一幅圖畫,那是有機的構成,不能只按句子翻,而是如何用中文重組出一個接近原作的完整的畫面......。」梁永安大嘆一口氣,「這很難啊。每次看到寫景就頭痛,更別說這些景是我沒親眼去看過的。」


★原汁原味不如幫讀者抓緊線索


梁永安形容自己是「強勢的譯者」。相較於某些譯者堅持「原汁原味」,著重翻出原作的字句細節,他是那種敢做大幅度取捨或改寫的譯者,因為,「連文言文翻成白話都不可能原汁原味了,何況是英文?」


「很多時候原文一句話會有好幾層意思,生活在同樣語境和文化脈絡中的讀者可以讀到其中的暗示,但翻成中文一定會丟掉,我會抓住最主要的線索突顯,甚至說得更明白。」


他以古代著名佛經譯者鳩摩羅什的翻譯觀作參照,「他很討厭清楚的翻譯,說翻譯得清楚,就像把飯嚼爛了再餵給別人吃,不給讀者自己領會的機會。但我感覺,看翻譯書本來就困難重重,讀者就像爬過無數道牆,已經累得半死了,還要他們自己揣摩一切實在強人之難......所以我盡可能給讀者多一點幫助。」


梁永安的翻譯原則,與其說尊重、依循原作者,不如說他更在乎讀者能否掌握最主要的訊息。「我迄今沒有諮詢或聯繫過原作者......部分原因是我的問題他解決不了。總不能說:這句很難翻成中文,能不能請你把它簡化?」


面對翻譯的不可能,身為譯者當然感到痛苦,但梁永安這幾年已越來越看得開了。他說,一個月前把新版的《盲眼刺客》(加拿大小說家瑪格莉特‧愛特伍作)寄給一個朋友,後來朋友說兩天就讀完了,「原本我心裡很不平衡,自己搞了這麼久、這麼痛苦才譯完的書,別人竟然兩天解決!但,反過來說,也代表容易讀懂吧!」說罷,梁永安自顧自笑了起來。(原載於文訊雜誌,2010年元月號)



梁永安,台灣大學哲學系碩士,為專職資深譯者,譯作涵括文學、社會科學、神學等近80種,如、《盲眼刺客》、《旅途上》、《托斯卡尼豔陽下》、《大海,大海》、《陌生語言的樂音》、《四種愛》、、《禪者的初心》、《失落的城市》等。近作為保羅.奧斯特(Paul Auster)的《失意錄》(天下文化)。最引以自豪的作品,是《大海,大海》,以及2008年與劉森堯合譯當代史學巨擘彼得‧蓋伊(Peter Gay)的《啟蒙時代》,最近亦正進行蓋伊另一著作《現代主義》的翻譯。

2014年10月28日 星期二

In The Hospital, A Bad Translation Can Destroy A Life 專業譯者可將錯誤率叢2% 降至2%

In The Hospital, A Bad Translation Can Destroy A Life

fromOPB
Dr. Angela Alday talks with Isidro Hernandes, via a Spanish-speaking interpreter, Armando Jimenez. Both patient and doctor say they much prefer an in-person interpreter to one on the phone.
Dr. Angela Alday talks with Isidro Hernandes, via a Spanish-speaking interpreter, Armando Jimenez. Both patient and doctor say they much prefer an in-person interpreter to one on the phone.
Jeff Schilling/Courtesy of Tuality Healthcare
Translating from one language to another is a tricky business, and when it comes to interpreting between a doctor and patient, the stakes are even higher.
Consider the story of 18-year-old baseball player Willie Ramirez.
In 1980, Ramirez was taken to a South Florida hospital in a coma, says Helen Eby, a certified medical interpreter in Oregon. "His family apparently used the word 'intoxicado' to talk about this person," she says. "Well, 'intoxicado' in Spanish just means that you ingested something. It could be food; it could be a drug; it could be anything that has made you sick."
The family thought something Ramirez had eaten might have caused his symptoms. But the interpreter translated their Spanish as "intoxicated."
"So the doctor immediately made a diagnosis of drug overdose," Eby says. A couple of days later, the health team figured out that Ramirez's problem was actually bleeding in his brain. But by then he'd suffered lasting damage. "The guy ended up quadriplegic," Eby says.
In medical situations, doctors and hospitals often turn to family members for help with interpreting, but that can be problematic, she says.
"You know, you've got a 10-year-old in a gynecology appointment," she says. "Is this where you would normally take a 10-year-old? Not likely. Or [you'll] have a child — an adult child even — interpret a parent's cancer diagnosis. That's got to be highly traumatic." And the chance that important medical details will be misunderstood increases significantly.
Thirteen years ago, the state of Oregon recognized the problem and required doctors and hospitals to start using professional interpreters. The Affordable Care Act also has expanded the kinds of materials that hospitals and insurers are required to translate for people who don't speak English.
But more than a decade after its state law passed, Oregon still has trouble getting all patients the medical interpretation help they need.
For example, many hospitals and doctors turned to a phone service, where they can quickly get help in several languages. But the people who work for those language services often aren't certified medical interpreters — so aren't necessarily conversant in medical terminology — and are working at a distance, which can lead to other problems.
Dr. Angela Alday, an internist at Tuality Healthcare, a community hospital in Hillsboro, Ore., says that up to 20 percent of her patients require an interpreter.
"One problem that I run into with the translator phone is a lot of our elderly patients seem to be kind of confused by it," Alday says. "You know, some of them don't hear very well, so that can be a problem with the phone translator. And then, particularly if the patient has dementia, sometimes using the telephone translator is confusing. They don't know what's going on."
Isidro Hernandes, a 48-year-old landscaper in Oregon's fertile Willamette Valley, says (via medical interpreter Armando Jimenez) that he, too, prefers an in-person interpreter to one on the phone. Hernandes, who speaks primarily Spanish, landed in Tuality hospital for treatment of heart problems after feeling tightness in his chest at work.
"A lot of times the over-the-phone interpreter can't see what you're doing, can't describe or relay that message," Hernandes says via Jimenez. "And sometimes they might have errors or mistakes in communications."
Gerry Ewing, the director of corporate communications at Tuality, says the hospital has largely been relying on qualified phone interpreters, but it plans to use more in-person interpreters.
"We're trying to reflect the demographics of our community, which is changing rapidly," Ewing says. "Washington County is around 25 percent Hispanic, so we need to reflect that in the services we provide our patients."
Alday says she's pleased that the hospital is planning to use more in-person interpreters. In the meantime, she says, she often relies on phone interpreters, but also sometimes will turn to a family member for particularly touchy issues. "I feel like if there's a family member standing there beside them, then they understand more what's happening," she says.
Oregon has about 3,500 medical interpreters. But Eby says only about 100 of those have the right qualifications. "So, you have a 3 percent chance of getting a qualified or certified interpreter in Oregon right now," she says. "That's pretty low, in my opinion."
She says it takes a long time and costs a lot of money to become certified. And after going through all that training, a person may find that he or she can make more money and have a more stable lifestyle in another career — like being a translator for court reporting. That's because medical interpreters tend to be consultants and don't get paid to travel. The hours can also be sparse and sporadic.
But Eby remains hopeful. Now that the Affordable Care Act is penalizing hospitals for readmissions, reducing medical errors should be more of a priority than ever, she says — it's better for patients and it can save hospitals money.
study by the American College of Emergency Physicians in 2012 analyzed interpreter errors that had clinical consequences, and found that the error rate was significantly lower for professional interpreters than for ad hoc interpreters — 12 percent as opposed to 22 percent. And for professionals with more than 100 hours of training, errors dropped to 2 percent.
To help ease the shortage of interpreters in Oregon, the state's Office of Equity and Inclusionreports that it is trying to increase training and add 150 new interpreters over the next couple of years.

2014年10月22日 星期三

繆詠華/莒哈絲引Virginia Woolf。沙博理(Sidney Shapiro,1915-214)


《懸而未決的莒哈絲》p.235, note 78.  繆詠華根據法譯本轉譯,所以在紅色段有點不通順。
The sight was ordinary enough; what was strange was the rhythmical order with which my imagination had invested it; and the fact that the ordinary sight of two people getting into a cab had the power to communicate something of their own seeming satisfaction. The sight of two people coming down the street and meeting at the corner seems to ease the mind of some strain, I thought, watching the taxi turn and make off. Perhaps to think, as I had been thinking these two days, of one sex as distinct from the other is an effort. It interferes with the unity of the mind. Now that effort had ceased and that unity had been restored by seeing two people come together and get into a taxicab. The mind is certainly a very mysterious organ, I reflected, drawing my head in from the window, about which nothing whatever is known, though we depend upon it so completely. Why do I feel that there are severances and oppositions in the mind, as there are strains from obvious causes on the body? What does one mean by ‘the unity of the mind’? I pondered, for clearly the mind has so great a power of concentrating at any point at any moment that it seems to have no single state of being. It can separate itself from the people in the street, for example, and think of itself as apart from them, at an upper window looking down on them. Or it can think with other people spontaneously, as, for instance, in a crowd waiting to hear some piece of news read out. it can think back through its fathers or through its mothers, as I have said that a woman writing thinks back through her mothers. Again if one is a woman one is often surprised by a sudden splitting off of consciousness, say in walking down Whitehall, when from being the natural inheritor of that civilization, she becomes, on the contrary, outside of it, alien and critical. Clearly the mind is always altering its focus, and bringing the world into different perspectives. But some of these states of mind seem. even if adopted spontaneously, to be less comfortable than others. In order to keep oneself continuing in them one is unconsciously holding something back, and gradually the repression becomes an effort. But there may be some state of mind in which one could continue without effort because nothing is required to be held back. And this perhaps, I thought, coming in from the window, is one of them. For certainly when I saw the couple get into the taxicab the mind felt as if, after being divided, it had come together again in a natural fusion. The obvious reason would be that it is natural for the sexes to co-operate. One has a profound, if irrational, instinct in favour of the theory that the union of man and woman makes for the greatest satisfaction, the most complete happiness. But the sight of the two people getting into the taxi and the satisfaction it gave me made me also ask whether there are two sexes in the mind corresponding to the two sexes in the body, and whether they also require to be united in order to get complete satisfaction and happiness? And I went on amateurishly to sketch a plan of the soul so that in each of us two powers preside, one male, one female; and in the man’s brain the man predominates over the woman, and in the woman’s brain the woman predominates over the man. The normal and comfortable state of being is that when the two live in harmony together, spiritually co-operating. If one is a man, still the woman part of his brain must have effect; and a woman also must have intercourse with the man in her. Coleridge perhaps meant this when he said that a great mind is androgynous. It is when this fusion takes place that the mind is fully fertilized and uses all its faculties. Perhaps a mind that is purely masculine cannot create, any more than a mind that is purely feminine, I thought. But it would he well to test what one meant by man-womanly, and conversely by woman-manly, by pausing and looking at a book or two.

A room of one’s own, by Virginia Woolf
Six
https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91r/chapter6.html



2014.10.22 早上錦坤兄來拿書--他上周託我買的套書《雜阿含經校釋》
(8冊,4000元)。談最多的是下月的譯藝獎,因為他要專題演講,可對今年的得獎者
不熟...... (都怪我懶,沒寫簡介。得獎者都是認識十年以上的朋友,他們在法文和
日文等領域的翻譯成績,很容易從"博客來"等網站找到.....)
恰巧看到繆詠華女士的一篇簡單自述,或可參考:

繆詠華新增了 2 張相片。
咳咳,明天本姑姑要進城去...本姑姑還能幹啥?還不就講莒哈絲麼?
話說這本《懸而未決的莒哈絲》訪談錄,2013-06-29就已經由麥田出版了,至今一年有餘,似乎依然風行不墜,還有人邀我前去分享。
我跟莒哈絲的姻緣開始得挺早。大三小說課,老師選了《如歌的中板》(Moderato cantabile,或譯為《安妮的戀情》)作為教材,大四的時候,適逢《情人》(L'amant)出版,由於莒哈絲情人的華人身份,這部小說自然就在華人世界引起額外關注。
莒哈絲喜歡用短句,閱讀起來、理解起來相對輕鬆。《情人》一書的書寫極其抒情,宛若一篇優美的散文,當初的確令我極其著迷、沈醉。我曾經一度成為不可救藥的莒迷,買了無數本她的著作,還曾經跑到諾曼地的黑石旅館,為的就是看那片她看過的大西洋,我當然也去過她位於拉丁區的 小公寓聖伯諾瓦街五號,也數度親赴她位於蒙巴納斯墓園的墓前憑弔過、緬懷過,我甚至還哭過,凡此種種,我在我的兩本著作《長眠在巴黎》《巴黎文學散步地圖》中均有所著墨。
此外,2014/08/08 聯經出版的《2014年瑪格麗特‧莒哈絲特刊》中,我也曾撰寫過一篇專文記述我成為「莒迷」的始末,有興趣的可以參閱我臉書的網誌連結:
有位我非常重視的朋友曾說:「莒哈絲有你這位代言人,她地下有知,也可以含笑九泉了。」
或許真是如此。笑~

美裔中國籍翻譯家沙博理去世

著名翻譯家沙博理週末在北京去世,享年98歲。值得注意的是,出生在美國的沙博理是極少數獲得中國國籍的西方裔人士。
Sidney Shapiro gestorben
1999年資料圖:沙博理在北京生活了60多年。
(德國之聲中文網) 1915年,沙博理(Sidney Shapiro)出生在紐約。1947年,他首次來到中國。此前在二戰期間,美國軍方將其選中,讓他學習中文。
1948年,他和中國作家鳳子結婚,後者是中國共產黨的支持者。1949年,中共贏得內戰、奪取政權後,沙博理並沒有隨其他大多數西方人士離開中國。1963年,經總理周恩來特批,沙博理獲得了中國國籍。至今,中國國籍也只是授予極少數外國人,以表彰他們所作出的"特殊貢獻"。
他在翻譯界最為有名的一部作品是《水滸傳》英譯版,沙博理將書名譯為"Outlaws of the Marsh"。除此之外,他還向英語受眾譯介了巴金、茅盾等現當代中國作家的作品。
全力擁護中共 但從未加入
2010年,他被中國譯協授予"翻譯文化終身成就獎"。在接受新華社採訪時,沙博理說,作為翻譯家,他有責任讓世界認識到,中國擁有最為豐富的文化傳統。
Sidney Shapiro gestorben
資料圖:20​​13年3月9日,全國政協委員李東東(左)、艾克拜爾·米吉提(右)與沙博理一起看政協材料。
1983年,沙博理當選全國政協委員,並一直連任至今。2006年中國"兩會"期間,他面對新華社的採訪,猛烈抨擊美國政界,認為美國不應當對中國人權狀況指手畫腳。他說:"美國的民主是民眾長期鬥爭的成果,但是在20世紀,美國的民主開始走下坡路……今日美國,情報機構有權截聽公民的電話,還能夠知道誰從圖書館借了什麼書。"
不過,沙博理卻從來沒有正式加入中國共產黨。他在自傳中寫道,他可能太過於特立獨行,不願意接受任何教條;"但我依然非常尊重中國共產黨,而且完全支持其綱領和目標。"
週六(10月18日)早晨,將近99歲的沙博理去世。其外孫女郭馨在致路透社的郵件中寫道:"作為他的孫輩,我擁有許多關於他的美好回憶。比如他奇特的幽默、傳奇的故事、出色的音樂品位、鍾情老電影。他是美裔猶太人出身,擅於充滿熱情地辯論,還喜愛新科技。"


Wikipedia:
沙博理Sidney Shapiro,1915年12月23日-2014年10月18日)猶太人,出生於美國紐約,後歸化中華人民共和國國籍,翻譯家、作家。其中文名取「博學明理」之意。[1][2][3][4]

生平[編輯]

1915年12月23日,沙博理生於美國紐約。1937年自聖約翰大學法律系畢業後,當律師。第二次世界大戰期間,沙博理應徵入伍,加入美國陸軍服役,成為一名高射炮士兵。美國由於時局的需要,決定培養一批軍人學習世界語言,沙博理奉派學中文和中國的歷史文化。退役後,沙博理利用退伍津貼,先後在哥倫比亞大學耶魯大學中文[4][1][2][3]
1947年3月,沙博理離開美國紐約赴中國上海。1947年4月,沙博理到達上海。過了一段時間,他開始在上海當律師。在上海,他接觸了中外左翼人士,由同情而投身中國共產黨領導的革命。他曾經利用自己的身份掩護革命青年躲避中國國民黨當局的追殺,幫左翼學生編輯支持土地改革英文雜誌。他還曾經將律師事務所當作會址,同解放區代表商談通過中國國民黨的封鎖將藥品送往解放區。他曾經用當律師的收入支持鳳子在中國共產黨領導下創刊《人世間》雜誌。1948年5月16日,在鄭振鐸見證下,沙博理與演員兼作家鳳子結婚。婚後不久,鳳子被中國國民黨列入黑名單。1948年底,沙博理和鳳子乃離開上海赴北平。1949年10月1日,沙博理應邀參加中華人民共和國開國大典,此後在中國定居。1962年,沙博理和鳳子遷居什剎海南官房胡同,終生在此居住。1963年,沙博理的母親幾經周折從美國到北京看望沙博理,也見到了從未謀面的兒媳婦鳳子。1963年,在送走母親後,沙博理向所在單位提出了加入中華人民共和國國籍的申請,經中華人民共和國國務院總理周恩來親自批准,沙博理加入中華人民共和國國籍。[4][1][2][3]
中華人民共和國成立時,沙博理在對外文化聯絡局任英文翻譯。1951年10月,沙博理、葉君健楊憲益戴乃迭一起創辦第一本英文版《中國文學》,沙博理擔任譯審工作。1972年,沙博理調到人民畫報社,任英文改稿專家。1983年退休後,沙博理繼續參與國際文化傳播和對外文化交流活動。[4]
1966年文化大革命爆發後,沙博理也和其他中國人一樣參加了貼「大字報」等政治活動。但老朋友馬海德及時勸告他說,「文化大革命不是什麼好事情,你還是不要參加了。」1967年,沙博理接受所在單位布置的任務,開始翻譯《水滸傳》,他便遠離政治,專心從事翻譯工作。當時鳳子受衝擊被下放到五七幹校,女兒亞美在北京市通縣造紙廠工作。四年內,都是沙博理一個人在家,這種情況一直持續到1971年。1971年,沙博理作為外文局專家,獲得了一次回美國探親的機會。沙博理給周恩來總理寫了封信,希望能讓鳳子和自己一道赴美國探親。經周恩來總理多次努力,五七幹校僅允許鳳子回北京呆兩天,把沙博理送上飛機之後,鳳子不得不又返回五七幹校。《水滸傳》翻譯快結束時,「四人幫」得知沙博理計劃定書名為《Heroes of the Marsh》(水泊英雄),這與當時「評水滸」政治運動中「批宋江」、「批投降派」的論調相悖,遂要求沙博理更改書名,沙博理乃改以Outlaws取代Heroes,矇混過關,實際上Outlaws有「綠林好漢」之意,正符合《水滸傳》的本意,所以最終書名為《Outlaws of the Marsh》。[1][2]
1995年,沙博理獲中華全國文學基金會、中國作家協會中外文學交流委員會頒發「彩虹翻譯獎」。2009年,獲中國外文出版發行事業局「國際傳播終身榮譽獎」。2010年12月,獲中國翻譯協會頒發的「中國翻譯文化終身成就獎」。2011年4月,獲鳳凰衛視聯合海內外十多家華文媒體及機構評選的「影響世界華人終身成就獎」。2014年8月,獲第八屆「中華圖書特殊貢獻獎」。[4]
自1983年起,沙博理歷任第六、七、八、九、十、十一、十二屆全國政協委員[5][6][4]
晚年,沙博理擔任中國翻譯協會名譽理事、中國作家協會會員、宋慶齡基金會名譽理事、中國外文局和人民畫報社老專家。2014年10月18日,沙博理在北京家中逝世,享年98歲。[4]

逸事[編輯]

  • 沙博理回憶馮亦代的時候笑著說:「我們年輕的時候經常在一起,在我跟鳳子開始討論結婚還沒正式確定的時候,那傢伙就寫了一篇文章,賣給了《大公報》,賣了五塊錢,害得我們完全被動了,被逼著開了一個PARTY,結婚了。」[2]
  • 《中國古代猶太人》被譯為希伯來文以色列出版時,中華人民共和國和以色列尚未建立外交關係,接受邀請訪問以色列的沙博理夫婦成為以色列最早接待的兩位中華人民共和國客人。[2]

作品[編輯]

譯著
  • Chao Shu-liRhymes of Li Yu-Tsai and other stories (李有才板話及其他故事), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Culture Press, 1950.
  • Shi Yan, It happened at Willow Castle (柳堡的故事), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Culture Press, 1951.
  • The Peking People's Art TheatreBetween Husband and Wife (夫妻之間), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: The Peking People's Art Theatre, 1953.
  • Liu ChingWall of Bronze (銅牆鐵壁), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: The Peking People's Art Theatre, 1954.
  • Mistress Clever (巧媳婦/古代故事畫庫), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, 1954.
  • Xu Guangyao, The Plains are Ablaze (平原烈火), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: The Peking People's Art Theatre, 1955.
  • Chen Teng-ke, Living Hell (活人塘), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: The Peking People's Art Theatre, 1955.
  • Mao TunSpring silkworms and other stories (春蠶集), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1956.
  • Chin Chao-yang, Village Sketches (農村散記), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1957.
  • Yuan Ching, Kung Chueh, Daughters and Sons (新兒女英雄傳), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1958.
  • Du Pengcheng, Defend Yenan! (保衛延安), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1958.
  • Kao Yun-lan, Annals of a provincial town (小城春秋), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1959.
  • Soy Sauce and Prawns (醬油和對蝦), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, 1963.
  • Liu Ching, The Builders (創業史), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1964.
    • Liu Ching, Builders of a New Life (創業史), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1977.
  • Pa ChinThe Family (家), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1978.
  • Chu Po, Tracks in the Snowy Forest (林海雪原), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1978.
  • Shi Nai'an, Luo Guanzhong, Outlaws of the Marsh (水滸傳), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1980.
  • Mao Dun, The Shop of the Lin Family & Spring Silkworms (林家鋪子、春蠶), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2004.
  • Deng Rong, Deng Xiaoping and the Cultural Revolution (我的父親鄧小平——文革歲月), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2002.
    • Mao Mao, Deng Xiaoping and the Cultural Revolution (我的父親鄧小平——文革歲月), trans. by Sidney Shapiro, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.
  • 中國現代名家短篇小說選,北京:外文出版社,2003年(內收沙博理譯的四篇小說:湖畔兒語(The Child at the Lakeside)、 《春桃》(Big Sister Liu)、 《月牙兒》(Crescent Moon)、 《小二黑結婚》(The Marriage of Young Blacky)
  • 孫犁小說選[4]
專著
  • Sidney Shapiro, An American in China, Beijing: New World Press, 1979.
    • 沙博理,一個美國人在中國,程應瑞譯,北京:三聯書店,1984年
  • Sidney Shapiro, My China, Beijing: New World Press, 1997.
    • Sidney Shapiro, I Chose China, Hippocrene Books, 2000.
    • Sidney Shapiro, My China, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2005.
    • 沙博理,我的中國,宋蜀碧譯,北京:北京十月文藝出版社,1998年
  • Sidney Shapiro, Experiment in Sichuan, Beijing: New World Press, 1981.
  • Sidney Shapiro, The Law and the Lore of China's Criminal Justice, Beijing: New World Press, 1990.
  • Sidney Shapiro, A sampler of Chinese literature: From the Ming Dynasty to Mao Zedong, Beijing: Panda Books, 1996.
  • Sidney Shapiro, Jews in old China, Hippocrene Books, 1984.
    • 沙博理,中國古代猶太人——中國學者研究文集點評,北京:新世界出版社,2008年
  • Sidney Shapiro, Ma Heide, San Francisco: Cypress Press, 1993.
    • Sidney Shapiro, Ma Haide: the saga of American doctor george hatem in China (馬海德傳), Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2004.[4]
表演
  • 1962年電影《停戰以後》飾 談判調停人
  • 1976年電影《長空雄鷹》飾 駐朝鮮的美國空軍將領
  • 1981年電影《西安事變》飾 端納

參考文獻[編輯]


    ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 沙博理:中國是我的國家,光明網,2012-01-07
    ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 沙博理美國大兵的中國人生,新浪,2005-05-30
    ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 沙博理:我是用一支真實的筆寫《我的中國》,新華網,2006-06-16
    ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 最年長外裔全國政協委員沙博理逝世 周恩來批准他入籍,鳳凰網,2014-10-21
  1. ^ 第十一屆全國政協委員名單. 新華社北京1月25日電 中國人民政治協商會議第十一屆全國委員會委員名單(共2237人,2008年1月25日政協第十屆全國委員會常務委員會第二十次會議通過). 2008年1月25日 [2013-04-09].
  2. ^ 全國政協信息-沙博理. 全國政協委員會. [2013-04-09].