Vauxhal, Foksal

 Vauxhall翻譯成"沃克斯豪爾"，太笨重點。
看波蘭文

References to Vauxhall are, for 150 years, as ubiquitous as references to "Broadway" later would be. For example an old Polish word for a pleasure garden (foksal) and the name of Foksal street in Warsaw are Polonized versions of Vauxhall.

From 1729, under the management of Jonathan Tyers, property developer, impresario, patron of the arts, the gardens grew into an extraordinary business, a cradle of modern painting and architecture, and ... music有韓德爾的生時臉模；帕格尼尼畫像 .... A pioneer of mass entertainment, Tyers had to become also a pioneer of mass catering, of outdoor lighting, of advertising, and of all the logistics involved in running one of the most complex and profitable business ventures of the eighteenth century in Britain."^[

Vauxhall Gardens /ˈvɒksɔːl/ is a public park in Kennington, London, England, on the south bank of the River Thames.


From 1785 to 1859, the site was a pleasure garden and one of the leading venues for public entertainment in London from the mid-17th century to the mid-19th century.

A prospect of Vauxhall Gardens in 1751

Entrance to Vauxhall Gardens by Thomas Rowlandson

An entertainment in Vauxhall Gardens in about 1779, by Thomas Rowlandson. The two women in the centre are Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire and her sister Lady Duncannon. The man seated at the table on the left is Samuel Johnson, with James Boswell to his left and Oliver Goldsmith to his right. To the right the actress and author Mary Darby Robinson stands next to the Prince of Wales, later George IV

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vauxhall_Gardens









耶魯大學出版品：

Coke, David and Borg, Alan, Vauxhall Gardens: A History (Yale University Press, 2011)


Melanie Doderer-Winkler, "Magnificent Entertainments: Temporary Architecture for Georgian Festivals" (London and New Haven, Yale University Press for The Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, December 2013). ISBN 0300186428 and ISBN 978-0300186420.

Solkin, David H., Painting for money: the visual arts and the public sphere in eighteenth-century England. New Haven; London : Yale University Press, 1993